The heart of the Thai  & Chinese kitchen is the mortar and pestle (known as Kork and Sakin Thai). Standing as iconic symbols of culinary tradition, revered for their ability to infuse dishes with authentic flavours.
From the vibrant hues of Thai curry pastes to the aromatic blends of freshly ground asian spices, mastering the use of these traditional tools can significantly enhance your culinary prowess. Let's delve into the art of choosing the perfect mortar and pestle and understanding their adept use.

Mortar, unleashing aromas and flavours

As you observe the rhythmic pounding of ingredients in a mortar and pestle, it feels like the aromas and flavours are being released into the air. This traditional technique of grinding and crushing ingredients unlocks the natural oils and essences, resulting in a depth of flavour that modern kitchen appliances can't reproduce.
The mortar and pestle act as catalysts, breaking down the cell walls of herbs, spices, and vegetables, releasing their hidden aromas and intensifying their flavours. The texture of the ingredients is transformed, creating a harmonious blend that forms the backbone of many Thai dishes.

Types of Thai Mortar and Pestle

Thai kitchens make use of two main types of mortar and pestle: the granite mortar and pestle, and the terracotta mortar with a hardwood pestle. Each material has its own advantages and suitability for different types of ingredients and recipes.

Granite Mortar and Pestle

Benefits:

The granite mortar and pestle, crafted from sturdy igneous rock, excels in durability and robustness. Its weight and solid construction handle vigorous grinding, perfect for making curry pastes and blending spices efficiently. Its strength ensures thorough blending, crucial for recipes like Thai green curry paste.
With varying sizes and capacities, it's versatile for different batch sizes, from condiments to nut butter. Its hefty build ensures stability during use, minimising tipping or slipping, and the weight aids in the grinding process, making it easier for the user.

The downsides: 

Their weight may pose challenges for handling and cleaning, particularly for those with limited mobility or strength. Furthermore, being porous, granite tends to absorb liquids and odours, rendering it less suitable for grinding pungent ingredients such as fish. 

Terracotta Mortar and Pestle

The benefits: 

The terracotta mortar and pestle, also known as the Laos-style mortar, offers an affordable and lightweight alternative to granite. Crafted from durable baked clay, it's perfect for lighter grinding and mixing tasks like crushing garlic or blending chilli oil. Its affordability and manageable weight make it accessible to cooks of various skill levels.
Specifically designed for bruising and light mixing, it preserves delicate textures in dishes such as green papaya salad or nam prik chilli paste. For those seeking textured dishes, this set is an excellent choice. Its deep bowl is excellent for creating marinades, spice rubs, and vinaigrette dressings.

The downsides: 

Their fragility in comparison to granite sets means that excessive force during grinding should be avoided. Furthermore, the pastes or mixtures crafted in a terracotta mortar might not achieve the same level of smoothness as those from a granite mortar.

In Thailand, som tam would usually be made using a wooden pestle and a clay mortar

Granite or Terracotta: Which is Right for You?
The choice between a granite and terracotta mortar and pestle ultimately depends on your preferences and cooking style.
Granite sets are perfect for those who enjoy making authentic Thai curry pastes and grinding spices. Terracotta sets, on the other hand, are great for those who prefer recipes that require gentle mixing or bruising of ingredients.

Getting Started with Your Mortar and Pestle

Before using:
Wash your mortar and pestle by rinsing it thoroughly with warm water, ensuring all surfaces are clean. While soap or dish washing liquid can be used, ensure a thorough rinse afterwards. For granite sets, soak them in clean water for 2-3 hours, then let them air dry completely in the sun.
As for Terracotta sets, clean them thoroughly, let them air dry in the sun, and then proceed to cure them.
To cure your tools, use rice to grind away any remaining grit and impurities. Add a small handful of white rice and a tablespoon of water to the mortar, then use the pestle to grind the rice in circular motions. This action will create a grey paste as the rice absorbs any dirt or debris. Rinse out the paste with water and repeat the process until the rice paste comes out white and clean.

How to use:
Here are some tips for using your mortar and pestle effectively:

1. Stabilise the Mortar: Place the mortar on a stable surface, ensuring it won't slip or move during use.
2. Add Ingredients: Start with larger, harder ingredients at the bottom of the mortar. This could include items like garlic, peppercorns, or lemongrass. Gradually add smaller and more delicate ingredients as you go.
3. Grind in Circular Motions: Use the pestle in a circular motion, applying pressure as needed.
4. Adjust Technique: Adjust the force and speed of your grinding based on the texture you're aiming for. If you need a finer mixture, grind with more pressure and for a longer duration.
5. Take Breaks if Necessary: To prevent overheating the ingredients or straining your muscles, take breaks during the grinding process.
6. Techniques for Specific Ingredients: Different ingredients may require varied techniques. For example, for pastes, start with the toughest elements and work towards the softer ones, ensuring a homogeneous mixture.

Remember, the key is to use a combination of vertical percussion and circular friction motions while gradually adding and grinding ingredients to achieve the desired texture and blend.